Romanization Movements in Japan and China: Reforming National Language, or Universalizing "Tokens of Exchange"?
Author : Horng-luen Wang
Keywords : translingual practice, transliteration, commensurability, Roman script, modernity
DOI :
Echoing the concepts of "translingual practice" and "tokens of exchange," both brought up by literary critic Lydia Liu, this paper examines the development of Romanization movements in Japan and China from a sociological framework based on Pierre Bourdieu's conceptualization of practice. Although neither of the movements was successful in achieving their final goal of arı overall language reform, they both played active roles in universalizing Roman script as common tokens of linguistic exchange that were circulated worldwide. In the Chinese case, the newly developed pinyin system even achieves a hegemonic status that has changed foreigners' linguistic practice of using Roman script to a considerable extent. Just as the universalizing process of modernity cannot be understood in a single term, struggles over commensurability should not be thought of in mere dichotomies such as domination vis-à-vis resistance or colonization vis-à-vis de-colonization. Rather, such struggles can be better analyzed in terms of the conversions of different kinds of capital and changing the linguistic practice on both the national/local and international/global levels.